A system for monitoring and controlling locomotive engine emissions comprising:

a location determination unit for determining a geographic location of a locomotive;

memory for storing a plurality of predetermined engine emission profiles, one profile for each of a plurality of geographic locations;

a processor in communication with the memory for accessing the engine emission profile for the determined location of the locomotive and generating an engine control command responsive to respective engine emission profile and engine operating parameters;

a control unit on board the locomotive controlling an operation of the locomotive responsive to the engine control command to limit the production of engine emissions to the corresponding emission profile;

a monitor unit monitoring values of an emission parameter of the locomotive indicative of the emissions produced by the engine; and

memory storing the values of the emission parameter of the locomotive and at least one of the time and the location of the locomotive when the engine emission was monitored.